Indoreonectes evezardi
(Day 1872) Kottelat 1990
| ORDER | SUB-ORDER | FAMILY |
|---|---|---|
| Cypriniformes | Cobitoidei | Nemacheilidae |
Note
Noemacheilus evezardi was described from epigean specimens by Day (1872). The first published account of their presence in a cave is that of Thines (1969:89) who reported information supplied to him by A. M. Agarwal. Greenwood (1976) also mentioned this species and disagreed with the previous two authors about the relative eye sizes of some of the specimens. More recently various studies have been made (see references below). Critically see the notes under Systematics below.
Synonyms
Noemacheilus evezardi Day 1872
Nemachilus evezardi Day 1936 (Thines (1969) misspelling and incorrect date)
Nemacheilus evazardi (Bhargava, Jain and Singh (1984) misspelling)
Oreonectus evezardi (Biswas (1989) misspelling)
Nemacheilus aureus Shriavstava and Saxena (1988)
Country
IndiaTypes
The cave form has no formal taxonomic status and there are no types.
Distribution
The only published hypogean location for this species is Kotomsar Cave, (also Gupansar, Kutumsar, Kotamsar, Kutumbsar), Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh, India (18o52'10"N, 81o56'04"E).
Habitat
Skalski (1990) provides a description and survey of Kotomsar Cave together with pertinent biological observations. The cave is 660m long and lies at an altitude of 580m. In wet weather water flows through the cave but as the water drops in the dry season pools are left behind. These are traps for the fishes which are numerous. Biswas and his colleagues consider this species to be a troglophile. It is at least as likely that the hypogean population is a distinct entity which is either phylogenetically young, or hybridised with a sympatric epigean congeners.
Systematics
The cave dwelling fish from Kotomsar Cave is certainly not Indoreonectes or Nemacheilus evezardi. DNA analysis by Keskar et al (2018) showed conclusively that "Indoreonectes evezardi" is a species complex and true I. evezardi is only present in the upper reaches of Bhima River system. So it is not possible that the species from Madhya Pradesh can be the same species. It may be a hypogean population of an epigean species in the region or a new, undescribed, species.
Conservation Status
TLO TMP NE
The population of fishes from Kotomsar Cave has not been evaluated. Skalski (1990) records that the fishes were numerous in all pools in the cave.
Museum Holdings
BMNH 1960.6.2:1‑2 (Greenwood 1976), ZSM 6439, ZSM/CMK 5992 3 specimens (Kottelat 1990).
Key References
- Thines, G. (1969)
- Greenwood, P. H. (1976)
- Bhargava, H.N., Jain, A.K. and Singh, D. (1984)
- Pradhan, R.K. (1984)
- Pradhan, R.K. and Agarwal, S.M. (1984)
- Zargar, V. N. and Ghosh, N. (1987)
- Biswas, J., Pati, A.K., Pradhan, R.K. and Kanoje, R.S. (1988)
- Shriavstava, S. and Saxena, A.B. (1988)
- Pradhan, R.K., Pati, A.K. and Agarwal, S.M. (1989)
- Biswas, J. (1989)
- Biswas, J., Pati, A.K. and Pradhan, R.K. (1990)
- Skalski, A. W. (1990)
- Kottelat, M. (1990)
- Biswas, J., Pradhan, R.K. and Pati, A.K. (1990)
- Biswas, J., Pati, A.K., Pradhan, R.K. and Kanoje, R.S. (1990)
- Biswas, J. (1990)
- Biswas, J. and Pati, A.K. (1991)
- Biswas, J. (1991)
- Biswas, J. (1991)
- Biswas, J. (1992)
- Talwar, P. K. and Jhingran, A.G. (1992)
- Biswas, J. (1992)
- Biswas, J. (1993)
- Pradhan, R.K. and Biswas, J. (1994)
- Pradhan, R.K. and Biswas, J. (1994)
- Pati, A.K. (2001)
- Pati, A.K. and Agrawal, A. (2002)
- Pati, A.K. and Agrawal, A. (2002)
- Biswas, J (2004)
- Diwan, HD, Gupta, MP and Bandhu, J (2004)
- Sahu, S., Das, K., Tirkey, J., Pattanaik, S., Chainy, G.B.N. and Adhikart, S.P. (2004)
- Sinha, S and Naik, ML (2004)
- Pati, AK, Agrawal, A and Parganiha, A (2004)
- Pradhan, R.K., Ramteke, A., Soni, R. and Kar, A. (2004)
- Parganiha, A., Ramteke, A., Kar, A. and Pati, A.K. (2006)
- Pati, A.K. (2008)
- Agrawal, A. (2008)
- Biswas, J. and Ramteke, A.K. (2008)
- Biswas, J (2009)
- Baskar, S., Swati, C. and Baskar, R. (2018)
- Keskar, A., Raghavan, R., Paingankar, M.S., Kumkar, P., Katwate, U., Jadhav, S., Padhye, A. and Dahanukar, N. (2018)
- Band, S., Yadava, M.G., Lone, M.A., Shen, C.C., Sree, K. and Ramesh, R. (2018)
- Laskar, B.A., Kundu, S., Sulthana, R., Adimalla, H., Jaiswal, D., Tyagi, K., Kumar, V. and Chandra, K. (2021)
| Thines, G. | Book | 1969 | L'Evolution regressive des poissons cavernicoles et abyssaux |
| Greenwood, P. H. | Journal Article | 1976 | A new and eyeless cobitid fish (Pisces, Cypriniformes) from the Zagros Mountains, Iran |
| Bhargava, H.N., Jain, A.K. and Singh, D. | Journal Article | 1984 | On background related chromatic response in the cave fish Nemacheilus evazardi (Day) |
| Pradhan, R.K. | Thesis | 1984 | Biochemical studies of some tissues of Nemacheilus evezardi Day from Kotumsar Cave |
| Pradhan, R.K. and Agarwal, S.M. | Journal Article | 1984 | Studies on Nemachilus (sic) evezardi Day from Kotumsar Cave. I Chromatophores |
| Zargar, V. N. and Ghosh, N. | Book Section | 1987 | Observations on the behaviour of troglophilic microphthalmic fish Nemacheilus evezardi (Day) with relation to light |
| Biswas, J., Pati, A.K., Pradhan, R.K. and Kanoje, R.S. | Journal Article | 1988 | Reproductive phase-dependant adjustment in behaviour circadian rhythm characteristics: an example of constructive evolution in hypogean fish |
| Shriavstava, S. and Saxena, A.B. | Journal Article | 1988 | Effects of CuSO4 on the tissue respiration of the blind cave fish (Nemacheilus aureus) (Day) from Bastar (M.P.) |
| Pradhan, R.K., Pati, A.K. and Agarwal, S.M. | Journal Article | 1989 | Meal scheduling modulation of circadian rhythm of phototactic behaviour in cave dwelling fish |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1989 | Multifrequency rhythms in air gulping behaviour of cave fishes: an example of behavioural divergence |
| Biswas, J., Pati, A.K. and Pradhan, R.K. | Journal Article | 1990 | Circadian and circannual rhythms in air gulping behaviour of cave fish |
| Skalski, A. W. | Journal Article | 1990 | Some observations on the fauna of Kotosmar Cave in India (Bastar, Madhya Pradesh) |
| Kottelat, M. | Book | 1990 | Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches Pisces, Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Vietnam |
| Biswas, J., Pradhan, R.K. and Pati, A.K. | Journal Article | 1990 | Studies on burying behaviour in epigean and hypogean fish, Oreonectes evezardi: an example of behavioural divergence |
| Biswas, J., Pati, A.K., Pradhan, R.K. and Kanoje, R.S. | Journal Article | 1990 | Comparative aspects of reproductive phase dependant adjustments in behaviour rythms in epigean and hypogean fish |
| Biswas, J. | Thesis | 1990 | Biospeleology: The behavioural and physiologic adaptations in a cavernicole |
| Biswas, J. and Pati, A.K. | Journal Article | 1991 | Influence of thyroid hormones on muscle tissue respiration in hypogean and epigean populations of loach Oreonectus evezardi |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1991 | Metabolic efficiency and regulation of body weight: A comparison between life in hypogean and epigean ecosystems |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1991 | Annual modulation of diel motor activity rhythm of a dusk active loach Nemacheilus evezardi (Day): A correlation between daylength and circadian parameters |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1992 | Influence of epigean environmental stress on a subterranean cave ecosystem: Kotumsar |
| Talwar, P. K. and Jhingran, A.G. | Book Section | 1992 | Nemacheilus evezardi Day |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1992 | Kotumsar Cave ecosystem: An interaction between geophysical, chemical and biological characteristics |
| Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1993 | Constructive evolution: Phylogenetic age related visual sensibility in the hypogean fish on Kotumsar Cave |
| Pradhan, R.K. and Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1994 | Towards regressive evolution: The periodic colour change behaviour of the troglophilic fish Nemacheilus evezardi Day |
| Pradhan, R.K. and Biswas, J. | Journal Article | 1994 | The influence of photoperiods on the air-gulping behaviour of the cave fish Nemacheilus evezardi (Day) |
| Pati, A.K. | Journal Article | 2001 | Temporal organisation in locomotor activity of the hypogean loach, Nemacheilus evezardi, and its epigean ancestor |
| Pati, A.K. and Agrawal, A. | Journal Article | 2002 | Circadian rhythm in phototactic behaviour in a cave loach, Nemacheilus evezardi |
| Pati, A.K. and Agrawal, A. | Journal Article | 2002 | Studies of the behavioural ecology and physiology of a hypogean loach, Nemacheilus evezardi, from the Kotumsar Cave India |
| Biswas, J | Journal Article | 2004 | Behavioural rhythms in cavernicolous loach N. evezardi: suspected role of weak Zeitgebers |
| Diwan, HD, Gupta, MP and Bandhu, J | Journal Article | 2004 | Perspective geomorphic analysis of Kotumsar karstic cave zone, Kanger Valley, Chhattisgarh (India) |
| Sahu, S., Das, K., Tirkey, J., Pattanaik, S., Chainy, G.B.N. and Adhikart, S.P. | Journal Article | 2004 | Isolation and characterisation of microrganisms from Kotumsar and Gupteswar caves |
| Sinha, S and Naik, ML | Journal Article | 2004 | Aquatic biodiversity of food chain link in Kotumsar Cave |
| Pati, AK, Agrawal, A and Parganiha, A | Journal Article | 2004 | Update on circadian timing system (CTS) in Nemacheilus evezardi |
| Pradhan, R.K., Ramteke, A., Soni, R. and Kar, A. | Journal Article | 2004 | Circadian variation in the levels of intermediary metabolites and enzyme activity in important tissues of the cave loach Nemacheilus evezardi |
| Parganiha, A., Ramteke, A., Kar, A. and Pati, A.K. | Journal Article | 2006 | Background light intensity modulates circadian rhythm of phototactic behaviour in the cave loach, Nemacheilus evezardi. |
| Pati, A.K. | Book Section | 2008 | Circadian rhythms in hypogean fish: With special reference to the cave loach, Nemacheilus evezardi |
| Agrawal, A. | Journal Article | 2008 | Phototactic behaviour in cave populations of Nemacheilus evezardi with special reference to light intensity and feeding schedules |
| Biswas, J. and Ramteke, A.K. | Journal Article | 2008 | Timed-feeding synchronizes circadian rhythm in vertical swimming activity in cave loach, Nemacheilus evezardi |
| Biswas, J | Journal Article | 2009 | Kotumsar Cave biodiversity: A review of cavernicoles and their troglobiotic traits |
| Baskar, S., Swati, C. and Baskar, R. | Journal Article | 2018 | Calcite precipitation by Rhodococcus sp. isolated from Kotumsar cave, Chhattisgarh, India |
| Keskar, A., Raghavan, R., Paingankar, M.S., Kumkar, P., Katwate, U., Jadhav, S., Padhye, A. and Dahanukar, N. | Journal Article | 2018 | Molecular phylogeny unveils hidden diversity of hillstream loaches (Cypriniformes: Cobitoidea) in the northern Western Ghats of India |
| Band, S., Yadava, M.G., Lone, M.A., Shen, C.C., Sree, K. and Ramesh, R. | Journal Article | 2018 | High-resolution mid-Holocene Indian summer monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from the Kotumsar Cave, central India |
| Laskar, B.A., Kundu, S., Sulthana, R., Adimalla, H., Jaiswal, D., Tyagi, K., Kumar, V. and Chandra, K. | Journal Article | 2021 | Molecular investigation of cavernicoles from Kotumsar Cave in Northern Eastern Ghats, India |