Eidinemacheilus smithi
(Greenwood 1976) Segherloo, Ghaedrahmati and Freyhof 2016
| ORDER | SUB-ORDER | FAMILY |
|---|---|---|
| Cypriniformes | Cobitoidei | Nemacheilidae |
Synonyms
Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood 1976
Nemacheilus smithi Greenwood 1976
Paracobitis smithi (Greenwood 1976) Nalbant and Bianco 1998
Country
IranTypes
Holotype: BMNH 1976.6.28:1 apparently immature male 35.5mm SL. At the time of its description this was the only specimen and no other types were assigned.
Distribution
Type locality: Loven Cave, a flood resurgence at Kaaje‑Ru, near the oasis of Baq‑e‑Loveh, Lorestan Province, Zagros Mountains, Iran (33o05'N, 48o36'E). This locality is 11 km from Tanh‑e‑kraft railway station on the line from Bendar Shapur to Tehran. This is also the type (and only known) locality of Garra typhlops and Garra lorestanensis and the three species coexist.
Known also from Tuveh Spring in the Dez River drainage 31km from the type locality (32o48'47'' N, 48o43'06'' E, altitude 495 m a.s.l.) (Vatandoust et al. 2019, Malek-Hosseini et al. 2022). Garra typhlops and Garra lorestanensis are also found in both Loren cave and in Tuveh Spring.
Habitat
The true habitat of this species is not known. The collection site is the flood overflow for a large resurgence. The resurgence was explored by diving (Farr 1977, 1984:117) but the way on underwater became too narrow at 2m depth. The flood overflow was also dived but without conclusion. Another sump is located in the same area but was not examined (Farr 1977).
Systematics
Greenwood (1976) placed this species into the “catchall” genus Noemacheilus as a temporary measure until its proper relationships could be ascertained. He also commented that it was close to the subgenus Paracobitis. It appears to be related to N. ghazniensis and N. rhadineus. Nalbant and Linares (1987) placed this species in the genus Paracobitis but without any reasons for this. A member of the subfamily Nemacheilinae.
Recent genetic studies, using mitochondrial COI, showed conclusively that the two populations of E. smithi, at Loven Cave and at Tuveh Spring, are each others closest relatives. Closest relative to these two is E. proudlovei in Iraq, which is of considerable interest given that the Iraq site and the two Iranian sites are 350km apart (Malek-Hosseini et al. 2022 Figure 1).
Conservation Status
MuG TLO [VU D2:2.3:1996]
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1996. Paracobitis smithi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T14489A4438678.en. Downloaded on 04 July 2017). R (IUCN 1990), R (IUCN 1993)
B. Sandford (in Coad 1980‑81:73) considers that this species (and its co-inhabitants Garra typhlops and Garra lorestanensis) should be considered endangered because of a collapse at the resurgence from which they were collected. However, as Coad points out (1980‑81:72‑73), these species may not be threatened since the pool in which they were collected probably represents only a small and atypical portion of their habitat. The cave or fissure system in which they have evolved and now live may be quite extensive. Coad (1996) records that reduced recharge of the system through human interaction in a water-poor area, and overcollection, may threaten this species. The Iranian authorities are aware of the rare nature of this animal and have imposed a fine on anyone collecting it illegally. Coad (1996) suggests that an important conservation measure might be the establishment of a small reserve with the assistance of local people.
Museum Holdings
As above plus: BMNH 1981.3.6:1‑3, NMC uncatalogued 5 specimens (B.W. Coad pers. comm.). VMFC PS1410 to VMFC PS1411 (Mousavi-Sabet and Eagderi 2016).
Internet Resources
Key References
- Movaghar, S. (1973)
- Anonymous (1976)
- Greenwood, P. H. (1976)
- Smith, A. (1977)
- Farr, M. J. (1977)
- Thines, G. (1978)
- Smith, A. (1978)
- Coad, B.W. (1980-81)
- Farr, M. J. (1984)
- Coad, B.W. (1987)
- Nalbant, T. T. and Linares, O. (1987)
- Coad, B.W. (1996)
- Nalbant, T.T. and Bianco, P.G. (1998)
- Juberthie, C., Decu, V. and Povara, I. (2001)
- Smith, A. (2004)
- Coad, B.W., Mehrani, R. and Najafpour, N. (2009)
- Freyhof, J., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G. and Geiger, M.F. (2014)
- Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Vatandoust, S., Eagderi, S., Jafari-Kenari, S. and Mousavi-Sabet, H. (2015)
- Teimori, A., Mostafavi, H. and Esmaeli, H.R. (2016)
- Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Fatemi, Y. and Eagderi, S. (2016)
- Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Ghaedrahmati, N. and Freyhof, J. (2016)
- Freyhof, J., Abdullah, Y.S., Ararat, K., Ibrahim, H. and Geiger, M.F. (2016)
- Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Abdoli, A., Eagderi, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Bernatchez, L., Hallerman, E., Geiger, M.F., Ozulug, M., Laroche, J. and Freyhof, J. (2017)
- Malek-Hosseini, M.J. and Zamani, A. (2017)
- Esmaeili, H.R., Mehraban, H., Abbasi, K., Keivany, Y. and Coad, B. (2017)
- Vardanjani, H.K., Bahadorinia, S. and Ford, D.C. (2017)
- Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Eagderi, S. and Abbasi, K. (2018)
- Khalaji-Pirbalouty, V., Fatemi, Y., Malek-Hosseini, M.J. and Kuntner, M. (2018)
- Barmaki, M.D., Rezaei, M., Raeisi, C.E. and Ashjari, J. (2019)
- Vatandoust, S., Mousavi‐Sabet, H., Geiger, M.F. and Freyhof, J. (2019)
- Fatemi, Y., Malek Hosseini, M.-J., Falniowski, A., Hofman, S., Kuntner, M. and Grego, J. (2019)
- Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Ghanavi, H.R. and Doadrio, I. (2020)
- Zamanpoore, M. (2021)
- Freyhof, J., Kaya, C. and Ali, A. (2021)
- Ashraf, S., Nazemi, A. and AghaKouchak, A. (2021)
- Abdullah, Y.S. (2021)
- Malek-Hosseini, M.J., Fatemi, Y., Esmaeili, H.R., Lokovšek, T. and Kuntner, M. (2022)
- Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Tabatabaei, S.N., Abdolahi-Mousavi, E., Hernandez, C., Normandeau, E., Laporte, M., Boyle, B., Amiri, M., GhaedRahmati, N., Hallerman, E. and Bernatchez, L. (2022)
- Malek-Hosseini, M.J., Jugovic, J., Fatemi, Y., Kuntner, M., Kostanjšek, R., Douady, C.J. and Malard, F. (2022)
- Yousefi, M., Jouladeh-Roudbar, S. and Kafash, A. (2023)
| Movaghar, S. | Journal Article | 1973 | Iranocypris typhlops Kaiser the blind cave fish from Iran |
| Anonymous | Journal Article | 1976 | The blind white fishes of Persia |
| Greenwood, P. H. | Journal Article | 1976 | A new and eyeless cobitid fish (Pisces, Cypriniformes) from the Zagros Mountains, Iran |
| Smith, A. | Journal Article | 1977 | Blind white fish discovery |
| Farr, M. J. | Journal Article | 1977 | Karue Ru Resurgence, Zagros Mountains, Iran |
| Thines, G. | Journal Article | 1978 | The blind fishes of Persia |
| Smith, A. | Journal Article | 1978 | The blind fishes of Persia |
| Coad, B.W. | Journal Article | 1980-81 | Environmental change and its impact on the freshwater fishes of Iran |
| Farr, M. J. | Book | 1984 | The great caving adventure |
| Coad, B.W. | Journal Article | 1987 | Zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran |
| Nalbant, T. T. and Linares, O. | Book Section | 1987 | A study of a subterranean population of Trichomycterus guianense (Eigenmann, 1909) from Venezuela (Pisces, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) |
| Coad, B.W. | Journal Article | 1996 | Threatened fishes of the world: Iranocypris typhlops Bruun and Kaiser, 1944 (Cyprinidae) |
| Nalbant, T.T. and Bianco, P.G. | Journal Article | 1998 | The loaches of Iran and adjacent regions with description of six new species (Cobitoidea) |
| Juberthie, C., Decu, V. and Povara, I. | Book Section | 2001 | Iran |
| Smith, A. | Journal Article | 2004 | [Corresponence re cave fishes in Iran and Iraq] |
| Coad, B.W., Mehrani, R. and Najafpour, N. | Journal Article | 2009 | Threatened fishes of the world: Paracobitis smithi (Greenwood, 1976) (Balitoridae) |
| Freyhof, J., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G. and Geiger, M.F. | Journal Article | 2014 | Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) |
| Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Vatandoust, S., Eagderi, S., Jafari-Kenari, S. and Mousavi-Sabet, H. | Journal Article | 2015 | Freshwater fishes of Iran: An updated checklist |
| Teimori, A., Mostafavi, H. and Esmaeli, H.R. | Journal Article | 2016 | An update note on diversity and conservation of the endemic fishes in Iranian inland waters |
| Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Fatemi, Y. and Eagderi, S. | Journal Article | 2016 | Tashan Cave a new cavefish locality for Iran; and Garra tashanensis, a new blind species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) |
| Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Ghaedrahmati, N. and Freyhof, J. | Journal Article | 2016 | Eidinemacheilus, a new generic name for Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) |
| Freyhof, J., Abdullah, Y.S., Ararat, K., Ibrahim, H. and Geiger, M.F. | Journal Article | 2016 | Eidinemacheilus proudlovei, a new subterranean loach from Iraqi Kursdistan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) |
| Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Abdoli, A., Eagderi, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Bernatchez, L., Hallerman, E., Geiger, M.F., Ozulug, M., Laroche, J. and Freyhof, J. | Journal Article | 2017 | Dressing down: convergent reduction of the mental disc in Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Middle East |
| Malek-Hosseini, M.J. and Zamani, A. | Journal Article | 2017 | A checklist of subterranean arthropods of Iran |
| Esmaeili, H.R., Mehraban, H., Abbasi, K., Keivany, Y. and Coad, B. | Journal Article | 2017 | Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status |
| Vardanjani, H.K., Bahadorinia, S. and Ford, D.C. | Book Section | 2017 | An introduction to hypogene karst regions and caves of Iran. |
| Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Eagderi, S. and Abbasi, K. | Journal Article | 2018 | Checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran |
| Khalaji-Pirbalouty, V., Fatemi, Y., Malek-Hosseini, M.J. and Kuntner, M. | Journal Article | 2018 | A new species of Stenasellus Dollfus, 1897 from Iran, with a key to the western Asian species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Stenasellidae) |
| Barmaki, M.D., Rezaei, M., Raeisi, C.E. and Ashjari, J. | Journal Article | 2019 | Comparison of surface and interior karst development in Zagros karst Aaquifers, southwest Iran. |
| Vatandoust, S., Mousavi‐Sabet, H., Geiger, M.F. and Freyhof, J. | Journal Article | 2019 | A new record of Iranian subterranean fishes reveals the potential presence of a large freshwater aquifer in the Zagros Mountains |
| Fatemi, Y., Malek Hosseini, M.-J., Falniowski, A., Hofman, S., Kuntner, M. and Grego, J. | Journal Article | 2019 | Description of a new genus and species as the first gastropod species from caves in Iran |
| Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Ghanavi, H.R. and Doadrio, I. | Journal Article | 2020 | Ichthyofauna from Iranian freshwater: Annotated checklist, diagnosis, taxonomy, distribution and conservation assessment |
| Zamanpoore, M. | Book Section | 2021 | Biodiversity of the freshwater Amphipods in Iran |
| Freyhof, J., Kaya, C. and Ali, A. | Book Section | 2021 | A critical checklist of the inland fishes native to the Euphrates and Tigris drainages |
| Ashraf, S., Nazemi, A. and AghaKouchak, A. | Journal Article | 2021 | Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran |
| Abdullah, Y.S. | Journal Article | 2021 | Gyrodactylus angorae (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae): First occurrence on the body of two Nemachilid fishes from Iraq |
| Malek-Hosseini, M.J., Fatemi, Y., Esmaeili, H.R., Lokovšek, T. and Kuntner, M. | Journal Article | 2022 | A new locality for the blind loach, Eidinemacheilus smithi (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in Iranian Zagros: A morpho-molecular approach |
| Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Tabatabaei, S.N., Abdolahi-Mousavi, E., Hernandez, C., Normandeau, E., Laporte, M., Boyle, B., Amiri, M., GhaedRahmati, N., Hallerman, E. and Bernatchez, L. | Journal Article | 2022 | eDNA metabarcoding as a means to assess distribution of subterranean fish communities: Iranian blind cave fishes as a case study |
| Malek-Hosseini, M.J., Jugovic, J., Fatemi, Y., Kuntner, M., Kostanjšek, R., Douady, C.J. and Malard, F. | Journal Article | 2022 | A new obligate groundwater species of Asellus (Isopoda, Asellidae) from Iran |
| Yousefi, M., Jouladeh-Roudbar, S. and Kafash, A. | Journal Article | 2023 | Mapping endemic freshwater fish richness to identify high priority areas for conservation: an ecoregion approach |