Journal Article
Adapting to novel environments together: evolutionary and ecological correlates of the bacterial microbiome of the world’s largest cavefish diversification
Zhou, S., Rajput, A.P., Liu, Y., Mao, T., Yang, J., Herath, J. and Meegaskumbura, M.
Record Number:
5727
Year:
2021
Journal:
bioRxiv preprint November 18 2021
Short Title:
Now published in Frontiers in Microbiology 13:823254
http://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.823254
Notes:
bioRxiv preprint. This version posted November 18, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
The symbiosis between a host and its microbiome is essential for host fitness, and this
association is a consequence of the host’s physiology and habitat. Sinocyclocheilus, the largest
cavefish diversification of the world, an emerging multi-species model system for evolutionary
novelty, provides an excellent opportunity for examining correlates of host evolutionary history,
habitat, and gut-microbial community diversity. From the diversification-scale patterns of
habitat occupation, major phylogenetic clades (A–D), geographic distribution, and knowledge
from captive-maintained Sinocyclocheilus populations, we hypothesize habitat to be the major
determinant of microbiome diversity, with phylogeny playing a lesser role. For this, we subject
environmental water samples and fecal samples (representative of gut-microbiome) from 24
Sinocyclocheilus species, both from the wild and after being in captivity for six months, to
bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling using Illumina sequencing. We see significant differences
in the gut microbiota structure of Sinocyclocheilus, reflective of the three habitat types; gut
microbiomes too, were influenced by host-related factors. There is no significant association
between the gut microbiomes and host phylogeny. However, there is some microbiome
related structure at clade level, with the most geographically distant clades (A and D) being
the most distinct, and two geographically overlapping clades (B and C) being similar.
Microbes inhabiting water were not a cause for significant differences in fish-gut microbiota,
but water quality parameters was. Transferring from wild to captivity, the fish microbiomes
changed significantly and became homogenized, signifying adaptability and highlighting the
importance of environmental factors (habitat) in microbiome community assembly. The core
microbiome of this group closely resembled that of other teleost fishes. Our results suggest
that divergent selection giving rise to evolutionary novelties also includes the microbiome of
these fishes, which provides a functional advantage for life in the resource-depleted cave
environment.
KEYWORDS (6-8): Fecal microbiome, Sinocyclocheilus, 16SrRNA, phylosymbiosis, core
microbiome, habitat, captive, wild, geographic distribution
Times Cited:
2
Relevent Species:
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