Journal Article
Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy
Peixoto, L.A.W. and de Pinna, M.
Record Number:
5813
Year:
2022
Journal:
Neotropical Ichthyology
Pages:
1-117
Volume:
20(1):e210009
Abstract:
The present study offers a broad comparative analysis of the dorsolateral head
musculature in the Gymnotiformes, with detailed descriptions and illustrations
of the dorsolateral head muscles of 83 species representing combined all
valid genera. Results permit a detailed assessment of primary homologies and
taxonomically-relevant variation across the order. This provides the basis for a
myological synonymy, which organizes 33 previously proposed names for 15
recognized muscles. Morphological variation derived from dorsolateral head
musculature was coded into 56 characters. When analyzed in isolation, that set of
characters results in Gymnotidae as the sister group of remaining gymnotiforms,
and all other currently recognized families as monophyletic groups. In a second
analysis, myological characters were concatenated with other previously
proposed characters into a phenotypic matrix. Results of that analysis reveal
new myological synapomorphies for nearly all taxonomic categories within
Gymnotiformes. A Partitioned Bremer Support (PBS) was used to asses the
significance of comparative myology in elucidating phylogenetic relationships.
PBS values show strongly non-uniform distributions on the tree, with positive
scores skewed towards more inclusive taxa, and negative PBS values concentrated
on less inclusive clades. Our results provide background for future studies on
biomechanical constraints evolved in the early stages of gymnotiform evolution.
Keywords: Anatomy, Electric fishes, Myology, Phylogeny, Partitioned Bremer
Support.
Times Cited:
1
Relevent Species:
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