Journal Article
Riverscape genomics of cichlid fishes in the lower Congo: Uncovering mechanisms of diversification in an extreme hydrological regime
Kurata, N.P., Hickerson, M.J., Hoffberg, S.L., Gardiner, N., Stiassny, M.L.J. and Alter, S.E.
Record Number:
5866
Year:
2022
Journal:
Molecular Ecology
Pages:
3516-3532
Volume:
31
Abstract:
Freshwater fishes are notably diverse, given that freshwater habitat represents a tiny
fraction of the earth's surface, but the mechanisms generating this diversity remain
poorly understood. Rivers provide excellent models to understand how freshwater
diversity is generated and maintained across heterogeneous habitats. In particular,
the lower Congo River (LCR) consists of a dynamic hydroscape exhibiting extraordinary
aquatic biodiversity, endemicity, morphological and ecological specialization.
Previous studies have suggested that the numerous high-energy
rapids throughout
the LCR form physical barriers to gene flow, thus facilitating diversification and speciation,
generating ichthyofaunal diversity. However, this hypothesis has not been fully
explored using genome-wide
SNPs for fish species distributed across the LCR. Here,
we examined four lamprologine cichlids endemic to the LCR that are distributed along
the river without range overlap. Using genome-wide
SNP data, we tested the hypotheses
that high-energy
rapids serve as physical barriers to gene flow that generate
genetic divergence at interspecific and intraspecific levels, and that gene flow occurs
primarily in a downstream direction. Our results are consistent with the prediction
that powerful rapids sometimes act as a barrier to gene flow but also suggest that, at
certain temporal and spatial scales, they may provide multidirectional dispersal opportunities
for riverine rheophilic cichlid fishes. These results highlight the complexity
of diversification processes in rivers and the importance of assessing such processes
across different riverscapes.
K E YWORDS
Allopatric Speciation, Diversification, Gene Flow, 2RAD/3RAD, Riverscape Genomics
Times Cited:
2
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